The current constitutional reform process in the Republic of El Salvador

Abstract

The Republic of El Salvador throughout its history has been characterized by its political and constitutional instability, having had a constitutionalism that was more nominal than normative, interrupted by coups détat, always followed by long military dictatorships. In the second part of the 20th century, a bloody and long civil war took place, which turned the country into the scene of the Cold War. After the war, through the 1992 Peace Agreements, sponsored by the United Nations, a democratic regime was established, which allowed after a series of institutional reforms, such as the creation of a Supreme Electoral Court, which replaced the old National Electoral Council reform, of the Electoral code, replacement of the Security Forces with a new PNC police etc.., elections are held where electoral fraud, which had been permanent in salvadorian history is eliminated. In this way thus opens up a new period for the first time the political left can participate,producing alternation in the exercise of power for more tan thirty years. In 2020, the two-party system breaks, due to the electoral victory of Nayib Bukele, who prevails over the two traditional parties of the right and the left: ARENA and FMLN, by an overwhelming majority, Currently, the Constitution in force dates from 1983 and was written in the midst of war, suffering from a lack of systematization and requiring the incorporation of the new constitutional concepts currently incorporated into Latin American constitutionalism.